7MS #432: Tales of Internal Network Pentest Pwnage - Part 21

Today we're so excited to welcome Amanda Berlin, Lead Incident Detection Engineer at Blumira, back to the show (did you miss Amanda's first appearance on the show?  Check it out here)!  You might already be familiar with Amanda's awesome Defensive Security Handbook or her work with the Mental Health Hackers organization.  Today we virtually sat down to tackle a variety of topics and questions, including: What if HAFNIUM2 comes out today and only affects 2 specific versions of Exchange?  Does Blumira buy every software/hardware thingy out there and have an evil scientist lab where they test out all these different exploits, and then create detections for them? Can an old, out-of-touch security guy like me still find a place at the Vegas hacker conferences (even though I hate lines, heat, crowds and partying)?  Spoiler alert: yes. Are security vendors more likely to share their software/hardware security services with a defensive security group like Blumira, rather than pentesters like 7MinSec? Does Amanda think there's a gender bias in the security industry? Besides being aware of it happening, what can we do to cut down the bullying/secure-splaining/d-baggery/etc. in the industry?

2 Syys 20221h 5min

Today's episode covers three remediation-focused topics that kind of grind my gears and/or get me frustrated with myself. I'm curious for your thoughts on these, so reach out via Slack or Twitter and maybe we'll do a future live stream on this topic. How do you get clients to actually care when we explain the threats on their network that are a literal 10/10 on the CVSS scale? Password policies - they're not just as easy as "Have a password of X length with Y complexity." Fixing the various broadcast traffic and protocol issues that give us easy wins with Responder and mitm6 - it's more nuanced than just "Disable LLMNR/NETBIOS/MDNS and shut off IPv6." This article discusses these challenges in more detail.

27 Elo 202240min

Hey friends, today we share the (hopefully) thrilling conclusion of last week's pentest. Here are some key points: If you find you have local admin on a bunch of privileges and want to quickly loop through a secretsdump of ALL systems and save the output to a text file, this little hacky script will do it! #!/bin/bash File="localadmin.txt" Lines=$(cat $File) for Line in $Lines do echo --- $Line --- >> dump.txt echo --------------------- >> dump.txt sudo python3 /opt/impacket/examples/secretsdump.py -k "$Line" >> dump.txt echo --------------------- >> dump.txt done From those dumps you can definitely try to crack the DCC hashes using a local or cloud cracker - see our series on this topic for some guidance. Got an NTLM hash for a privileged user and want to PS remote into a victim system? You can essentially do a PowerShell login pass-the-hash with evil-winrm! The Brute Ratel crisis monitor is awesome for watching a box and monitoring for people logging in and out of it (perfect for getting ready to strike with lsass dumps!)

19 Elo 202244min

Ok, ok, I know.  I almost always say something like "Today is my favorite tale of pentest pwnage."  And guess what?  Today is my favorite tale of pentest pwnage, and I don't even know how it's going to end yet, so stay tuned to next week's (hopefully) exciting conclusion.  For today, though, I've got some pentest tips to hopefully help you in your journeys of pwnage: PowerHuntShares is awesome at finding SMB shares and where you have read/write permissions on them.  Note there is a -Threads flag to adjust the intensity of your scan. Are your mitm6 attacks not working properly - even though they look like they should?  There might be seem LDAP/LDAPs protections in play.  Use LdapRelayScan to verify! Are you trying to abuse Active Directory Certificate Services attack ESC1 but things just don't seem to be working?  Make sure the cert you are forging is properly representing the user you are trying to spoof by using Get-LdapCurrentUser.ps1.  Also look at PassTheCert as another tool to abuse ADCS vulnerabilities. Example syntax for LdapCurrentUser: Get-LdapCurrentUser -certificate my.pfx -server my.domain.controller:636 -usessl -CertificatePassword admin If you manage to get your hands on an old Active Directory backup, this PowerShell snippet will help you get a list of users from the current domain, sorted by passwordlastset.  That way you can quickly find users who haven't changed their password since the AD backup: get-aduser -filter * -server victimdomain.local -properties pwdlastset,passwordlastset,enabled | where { $_.Enabled -eq $True} | select-object samaccountname,passwordlastset | sort-object passwordlastset

12 Elo 202235min

Hey friends, wow...we're up to thirty-nine episodes of pwnage? Should we make a cake when we hit the big 4-0?! Anyway, today's TLDL is this: If you get a nagging suspicion about something you find during enumeration, make sure to either come back to it later, or exhaust the path right away so you don't miss something! Because I did :-/ A tip that's been helping me speed along my use of CrackMapExec and other tools is by using Kerberos authentication. You can grab a ticket for your test AD account by using Impacket like so: gettgt.py victim.domain/LowPrivUser export KRB5CCNAME=LowPrivUser.ccache Then in most tools you can pass the cred by doing something like: crackmapexec smb DC01 -k In my enumeration of this network, I used Certipy to find potential attack paths against Active Directory Certificate Services. Something cool I learned is that Certipy will spit out both a text and json dump so you can import into BloodHound and then pair that data with their custom queries json file for beautiful visual potential pwnage! I ran into an issue where my certificate shenanigans resulted in an KDC_ERR_PADATA_TYPE_NOSUPP. I originally gave up on this attack path, only to learn about this awesome PassTheCert tool from this rad blog post! After initially being hesitant to use a tool I'd never heard of, I raised a GitHub issue to calm my nerves and, shortly after, found myself doing a domain admin dance. Oh, and although I didn't use it on this specific pentest, coercer is an awesome tool that helps you, ya know, coerce things!

5 Elo 202254min

Today we're joined by some of our friends at Arctic Wolf - Eugene Grant and Christopher Fielder - to talk about compliance. Now hold on - don't leave yet! I know for many folks, compliance makes them want to bleach their eyeballs. But compliance is super important - especially because it is not the same as being secure. So we discuss the differences between security and compliance, and practical work we can do to actually be more compliant and secure, including: Knowing what you have (assets, installed software, etc.) - Rumble is a cheap/free way to find out! Creating core policies and procedures that you will actually follow Learning about security frameworks that will help you build a security program from scratch Preparing for your first (or next) pentest. Tools like PingCastle and BloodHound can help find hacker low-hanging fruit! Knowing where your crown jewels are - be that data, a database, a key system, etc. Writing critical documentation - especially backup/restore procedures. Forming a security "dream team" to help drive your program Asking the right security maturity questions at your next job interview (so you don't get hired into a dumpster fire!) P.S. this is Christopher's sixth time on the program. Be sure to check out his first, second, third, fourth and fifth interviews with 7MS.

1 Elo 202257min

Hey friends, we have another fun tale of pwnage for you today. I loved this one because I got to learn some new tools I hadn't used before, such as: Get-InternalSubnets.ps1 - for getting internal subnets Adalanche for grabbing Active Directory info (similar to SharpHound) This tool worked well for me with this syntax: adalanche-windows-x64-v2022.5.19.exe collect activedirectory --domain victim.domain --port=389 --tlsmode=NoTLS Copernic Desktop Search for pillaging through shares with Google-like search capabilities! PowerHuntShares is my new favorite tool for enumerating network shares and associated permissions! CeWL for creating awesome wordlists to crack with! I don't have a Toyota TRD Pro, but I can't stop watching this reel.

22 Heinä 202247min

Today we're featuring a great interview with Matthew Warner, CTO and co-founder of Blumira. You might remember Matt from such podcasts as this one) when Matt gave us a fountain of info on why out-of-the-box Windows logging isn't awesome, and how to get it turned up to 11! Today, we talk about a cool report that Blumira put out called 2022 Blumira's State of Detection & Response, and dive into some interesting topics within it, including: How do companies like Blumira (who we rely on to stay on top of threats) keep their teams on top of threats? Why open source detections are a great starting point - but not a magic bullet Consider this "what if" - a C2 beacon lands on your prod file server in the middle of the work day. Do you take it down during a busy time to save/clean the box as much as possible? Or do you hope to be able to wait until the weekend and triage it on a weekend? Why annoying traffic/alerts are still worth having a conversation about. For example, if you RDP out of your environment and into Azure, that might be fine. But what about when you see an RDP connection going out to a Digital Ocean droplet? Should you care? Well, do you use Digital Ocean for legit biz purposes? Data exfiltration - where does it sit on your priority list? How hard is it to monitor/block? Common lateral movement tools/techniques Why honeypots rule!

15 Heinä 20221h 13min