64.2 Russo-Turkish War 1788 and the Reforms of Joseph II
A History of Europe31 Joulu 2021

64.2 Russo-Turkish War 1788 and the Reforms of Joseph II

The Origins of the French Revolutionary Wars can be dated to 17th August 1787, when in Constantinople the Ottomans arrested the Russian ambassador Count Bulgakov in the Topkapi palace, and declared war on St Petersburg. Catherine the Great had deliberately provoked the Turks and now dragged in the reluctant Austrians into the war. The Austrian Emperor was Joseph II, the archetypal enlightened despot, who worked hard to reform his empire but from the top down. His reforms provoked the so-called Brabantine Revolution 1789-90 in the Netherlands which was similar in some ways to the contemporary French Revolution.


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Music from Joseph Haydn (Symphony 94, 'Surpise'), Christoph Gluck (the opera 'Iphigenie En Tauride') and Mozart (the Turkish March), courtesy of www.musopen.org


Picture - January Suchodolski - the Siege of Ochakov 1788

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06.1 The Battle of The Milvian Bridge 312 AD

06.1 The Battle of The Milvian Bridge 312 AD

In the year AD 312, Constantine the Great defeated his main rival for the title of emperor in Western Europe. He is one of the most significant people in history, as the first Christian Emperor, who vigorously promoted the religionwww.historyeurope.netPicture:m A coin struck in 313, depicting Constantine as the companion of a solar deity Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

13 Huhti 201426min

05.2 The Battle of The Teutoburg Forest 9 AD, Part 2

05.2 The Battle of The Teutoburg Forest 9 AD, Part 2

The Roman Empire of Augustus vs an alliance of Germanic tribes.Description of the battle, in which Arminius led his German followers on an ambush which destroyed three Roman legions, and contributed to halting Rome’s expansion into northern Europe. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

23 Maalis 201421min

05.1 The Battle of The Teutoburg Forest 9 AD, Part 1

05.1 The Battle of The Teutoburg Forest 9 AD, Part 1

The Roman Empire of Augustus vs an alliance of Germanic tribes.In AD 9 Rome was steadily gaining control over the territory of Germania, north of the Rhine. However, they suffered a devastating defeat, and the loss of three legions in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest. Part 1 describes the build-up to this event.More information at www.historyeurope.net Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

16 Maalis 201412min

04.2 The Battle of Zama 202 BC, Part 2

04.2 The Battle of Zama 202 BC, Part 2

Hannibal of Carthage v Scipio Africanus of Rome.Rome fought back against Hannibal's campaign in Italy and the various revolts they faced. They then launched an invasion of Africa, which led to the decisive Battle of Zama, 202 BC Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

2 Maalis 201420min

04.1 The Battle of Zama 202 BC, Part 1

04.1 The Battle of Zama 202 BC, Part 1

Hannibal of Carthage v Scipio Africanus of Rome. In the third century BC the Roman faced its biggest challenge to date - The Punic Wars against the Phoenicians of Carthage. The two sides fought for decades. This podcast describes the build up to the Battle of Zama, the culmination of the Second Punic War.www.historyeurope.netPicture: marble bust, reputedly of Hannibal, originally found at the ancient city-state of Capua, Italy Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

23 Helmi 201426min

03.2 The Battle of Gaugamela 331 BC, Part 2

03.2 The Battle of Gaugamela 331 BC, Part 2

Part 2 of 2 on the Battle of Gaugamela, 331 BC. In 334 BC Alexander the Great's Greek/Macedonian army of conquest marched into Asia. Here I tell the story of the campaign, and Alexander's plans to forge a new Greco-Persian culture Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

9 Helmi 201420min

03.1 The Battle of Gaugamela 331 BC, Part 1

03.1 The Battle of Gaugamela 331 BC, Part 1

Part 1 of 2 on the Battle of Gaugamela, 331 BC. Describes the build up to the invasion of the Persian Empire by Alexander the Great, with an army of Greeks and Macedonianswww.historyeurope.netPicture: A Hellinistic bust of a young Alexander the Great, possibly from Ptolemaic Egypt, 2nd–1st century BC, now in the British Museum Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

2 Helmi 201414min

02.2 The Battle of Marathon 490 BC, Part 2

02.2 The Battle of Marathon 490 BC, Part 2

Part 2 of 2 on the Battle of Marathon, between the Ancient Greeks and the Persian Empirewww.patreon.com/historyeuropePicture: Greek hoplite and Persian warrior depicted fighting. 5th century BC Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

19 Tammi 201425min

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