187 - The balls are back in town - the Medici return (1503 - 1513)

187 - The balls are back in town - the Medici return (1503 - 1513)

Among the many casualties of the battle of Garigliano was Piero de Medici, son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Piero, previously exiled from Florence for his poor leadership during the invasion of Charles VIII in 1494, drowned while trying to escape the battle. His body was found and buried at Montecassino Abbey, under the protection of his brother, Cardinal Giovanni de Medici.


Florence in Transition


After the fall of Girolamo Savonarola, Florence entered a period of unstable governance:



  • Two major factions emerged: the Ottimati (traditional elite) and the Popolari (new rich).


  • Despite nominal control by the Popolari, the Ottimati successfully blocked key reforms, such as the introduction of a property tax.


  • Financially weakened by war, Florence made a bold move in 1502 by electing Piero Soderini as Gonfaloniere for life.


  • Soderini, though from an elite family, implemented popular reforms, including capping wedding dowries and improving access to credit.




Rise of Cardinal Giovanni


The Medici fortunes began to shift with Cardinal Giovanni de Medici:



  • Tonsured at the age of 8, and made a cardinal at 13 through the diplomatic work of Lorenzo the Magnificent.


  • Giovanni loved classical literature, music, and was known for his love of food.


  • After a brief exile, he returned to Rome, took residence at Palazzo Madama, and regained political influence under Pope Julius II (Giuliano della Rovere).




The Return to Florence


Following the War of the League of Cambrai, opportunity struck:



  • In 1512, Giovanni leveraged papal and Spanish military support to pressure Florence.


  • After the brutal Sack of Prato, panic erupted in Florence, and cries of "The Balls!" (a reference to the Medici emblem) filled the air.


  • On September 1st, 1512, after 18 years of exile, the Medici triumphantly returned.


Key figures included:



  • Cardinal Giovanni (future Pope Leo X)


  • Giuliano de Medici


  • Giulio de Medici (future Pope Clement VII)


  • Lorenzo de Medici (grandson of Lorenzo the Magnificent)




Pope Leo X


In 1513, Cardinal Giovanni became Pope Leo X at the age of 37:



  • Florentines celebrated wildly, with fireworks, bonfires, and public feasting.


  • Lorenzo was positioned to govern Florence under Medici influence, assisted by Cardinal Giulio.


  • Giuliano de Medici...

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Recap 04: Episodes 051 – 076 from the Concordat of Worms to the death of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II

Recap 04: Episodes 051 – 076 from the Concordat of Worms to the death of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II

We stop for our usual recap to look back over episodes 051 to 076 going from the Concordat of Worms in 1122 to the death of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, with a look at the rise of the Commune city states and the maritime republics, Venice in particular.

11 Helmi 202017min

076 – St. Francis of Assisi

076 – St. Francis of Assisi

We look at the life and ideas of one of the most famous and influential figures in religious and non religious history, a young man who deemed of being a great soldier, who became one of the greatest champions of peace.

6 Helmi 202038min

075 – Heresies and the Inquisition

075 – Heresies and the Inquisition

We take a break to look at the increase in heretical ideas and movement in the 12th and 13th centuries such as the Cathars and Waldensians and how the church decided to dea with the rising tide of critical opposition to it.

21 Tammi 202022min

074 – Goodbye Freddie II

074 – Goodbye Freddie II

We see the reign of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II to its end as he faces off with Gregory IX and then Innocent IV, all the while dealing with the ever rebellious communes of northern Italy in their continuous struggle between pro-imperial Ghibellines and pro-papal Guelphs, up to the Battle of Parma in 1247.

14 Tammi 202022min

073 – Frederick II stupor mundi (and a bit naughty)

073 – Frederick II stupor mundi (and a bit naughty)

1231 - 1237 We take a moment to look more into the provate life of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II and see how his court, as well as seeing a little naughtiness going on, was a cradle of culture and science. We than deal with a rebellion by his first born son Henry before we see a rematch of Empire vs Lombard League.

7 Tammi 202019min

072 – Frederick II takes the reigns and trouble starts

072 – Frederick II takes the reigns and trouble starts

1220 - 1231 After his coronation as Holy Roman Emperor in 1220, Frederick II has to first consolidate the south, facing the Muslim rebellion and then deal with the insistence of the popes for a new Crusade, an issue he will find a completely unprecedented solution for.

29 Joulu 201922min

071 – Wonderboy rising: Freddie II

071 – Wonderboy rising: Freddie II

1197 - 2020 We see the early life of Frederick I of Sicily, son of Constance of Sicily and Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI up to the point when he becomes Emperor Frederick II himself with great regret from the popes who had hoped to keep the crown of the empire and that of the kingdom of Sicily separate. Are we in for another great class between Empire and Papacy?

23 Joulu 201918min

070 – No more Normans and Horrid Henry

070 – No more Normans and Horrid Henry

1186 - 1197 We sadly saw goodbye to the Norman kings in Sicily and usher in a new era in which the Hohenstaufen, under emperor Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, extend their dominion from the north sea to the centre of the Meditteranean.

12 Joulu 201922min

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