47.1 Martin Luther, the Reformation and the Printing Press
Beginnings of the Reformation, triggered in 1517 by Martin Luther, whose ideas spread quickly thanks to the recent invention of the printing press. Also the economy of France flourishes during the reign of Francis I (1515-1547) Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
29 Mars 201923min
46.4 Livonian Wars 1558-1583
The final years of Livonia Wars, the struggle for control of the southern Baltic coastline between Sweden, Denmark, Poland-Lithuania and Russia. King Stephan Bathory of Poland leads a campaign into Muscovite territory and besieges the city of Pskov (pictured). Also, the legacy of Ivan IV the Terrible Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
22 Feb 201925min
46.3 Ivan the Terrible and the Oprichnina
Ivan the Terrible, convinced of treachery all around him, orders the execution of anyone he suspects of disloyalty. He then creates the Oprichnina, a state within a state in Muscovy, and subjects his people to successive waves of terror, including the massacre of Novogord 1569. Moscow comes under threat in 1571 from an immense army of Crimean Tatars leading to the Battle of Molodi. Meanwhile Denmark and Sweden fight the Seven Years War. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
15 Feb 201929min
46.2 History of Medieval Scandinavia and Hanseatic League
The History of Medieval Scandinavia and the Baltic Sea, and rivalries between the Hanseatic League (a naval merchant alliance), Denmark, Sweden and Poland-Lithuania Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
8 Feb 201923min
46.1 Battle of Ermes 1560, Fall of the Livonian Order
The Livonian Order, in decline for years, suffers defeat at the Battle of Ermes 1560 against an army of Ivan the Terrible, triggering a conflict to fill the power vacuum; the Northern Wars Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
1 Feb 201925min
45.5 Battle of Lepanto 1571
The Battle of Lepanto - the largest naval battle in Western history since classical antiquity. A clash for supremacy of the Mediterranean between the Ottomans and a Christian Holy League Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
4 Jan 201922min
45.4 Ottoman Invasion of Cyprus
Sultan Selim II directs an Ottoman invasion against the Venetian controlled island of Cyprus, leading to the siege of Famagusta which lasted almost a year from September 1570 to August 1571 Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
21 Dec 201817min
45.3 Siege of Malta
Philip II of Spain suffers a major setback by the failure to capture the port of Tripoli. Then in 1565 the Ottomans, in the ascendancy in the Mediterranean, attempt to capture the island of Malta, leading to one of most epic sieges of all time. Also, the passing away of Suleiman the Magnificent Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
14 Dec 201819min
