#216 – Ian Dunt on why governments in Britain and elsewhere can't get anything done – and how to fix it

#216 – Ian Dunt on why governments in Britain and elsewhere can't get anything done – and how to fix it

When you have a system where ministers almost never understand their portfolios, civil servants change jobs every few months, and MPs don't grasp parliamentary procedure even after decades in office — is the problem the people, or the structure they work in?

Today's guest, political journalist Ian Dunt, studies the systemic reasons governments succeed and fail.

And in his book How Westminster Works ...and Why It Doesn't, he argues that Britain's government dysfunction and multi-decade failure to solve its key problems stems primarily from bad incentives and bad processes.

Even brilliant, well-intentioned people are set up to fail by a long list of institutional absurdities that Ian runs through — from the constant churn of ministers and civil servants that means no one understands what they’re working on, to the “pathological national sentimentality” that keeps 10 Downing Street (a 17th century townhouse) as the beating heart of British government.

While some of these are unique British failings, we see similar dynamics in other governments and large corporations around the world.

But Ian also lays out how some countries have found structural solutions that help ensure decisions are made by the right people, with the information they need, and that success is rewarded.

Links to learn more, video, highlights, and full transcript.

Chapters:

  • Cold open (00:00:00)
  • How Ian got obsessed with Britain's endless failings (00:01:05)
  • Should we blame individuals or incentives? (00:03:24)
  • The UK left its allies to be murdered in Afghanistan (to save cats and dogs) (00:09:02)
  • The UK is governed from a tiny cramped house (00:17:54)
  • “It's the stupidest conceivable system for how to run a country” (00:23:30)
  • The problems that never get solved in the UK (00:28:14)
  • Why UK ministers have no expertise in the areas they govern (00:31:32)
  • Why MPs are chosen to have no idea about legislation (00:44:08)
  • Is any country doing things better? (00:46:14)
  • Is rushing inevitable or artificial? (00:57:20)
  • How unelected septuagenarians are the heroes of UK governance (01:01:02)
  • How Thatcher unintentionally made one part of parliament work (01:10:48)
  • Maybe secrecy is the best disinfectant for incompetence (01:14:17)
  • The House of Commons may as well be in a coma (01:22:34)
  • Why it's in the PM's interest to ban electronic voting (01:33:13)
  • MPs are deliberately kept ignorant of parliamentary procedure (01:35:53)
  • “Whole areas of law have fallen almost completely into the vortex” (01:40:37)
  • What's the seed of all this going wrong? (01:44:00)
  • Why won't the Commons challenge the executive when it can? (01:53:10)
  • Better ways to choose MPs (01:58:33)
  • Citizens’ juries (02:07:16)
  • Do more independent-minded legislatures actually lead to better outcomes? (02:10:42)
  • "There’s no time for this bourgeois constitutional reform bulls***" (02:16:50)
  • How to keep expert civil servants (02:22:35)
  • Improving legislation like you’d improve Netflix dramas (02:34:34)
  • MPs waste much of their time helping constituents with random complaints (02:39:59)
  • Party culture prevents independent thinking (02:43:52)
  • Would a written constitution help or hurt? (02:48:37)
  • Can we give the PM room to appoint ministers based on expertise and competence? (02:51:51)
  • Would proportional representation help? (02:56:20)
  • Proportional representation encourages collaboration but does have weaknesses (02:58:51)
  • Alternative electoral systems (03:07:44)


This episode was originally recorded on January 30, 2025.

Video editing: Simon Monsour
Audio engineering: Ben Cordell, Milo McGuire, Simon Monsour, and Dominic Armstrong
Music: Ben Cordell
Camera operator: Jeremy Chevillotte
Transcriptions and web: Katy Moore

Avsnitt(299)

#2 - David Spiegelhalter on risk, stats and improving understanding of science

#2 - David Spiegelhalter on risk, stats and improving understanding of science

Recorded in 2015 by Robert Wiblin with colleague Jess Whittlestone at the Centre for Effective Altruism, and recovered from the dusty 80,000 Hours archives. David Spiegelhalter is a statistician at the University of Cambridge and something of an academic celebrity in the UK. Part of his role is to improve the public understanding of risk - especially everyday risks we face like getting cancer or dying in a car crash. As a result he’s regularly in the media explaining numbers in the news, trying to assist both ordinary people and politicians focus on the important risks we face, and avoid being distracted by flashy risks that don’t actually have much impact. Summary, full transcript and extra links to learn more. To help make sense of the uncertainties we face in life he has had to invent concepts like the microlife, or a 30-minute change in life expectancy. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microlife) We wanted to learn whether he thought a lifetime of work communicating science had actually had much impact on the world, and what advice he might have for people planning their careers today.

21 Juni 201733min

#1 - Miles Brundage on the world's desperate need for AI strategists and policy experts

#1 - Miles Brundage on the world's desperate need for AI strategists and policy experts

Robert Wiblin, Director of Research at 80,000 Hours speaks with Miles Brundage, research fellow at the University of Oxford's Future of Humanity Institute. Miles studies the social implications surrounding the development of new technologies and has a particular interest in artificial general intelligence, that is, an AI system that could do most or all of the tasks humans could do. This interview complements our profile of the importance of positively shaping artificial intelligence and our guide to careers in AI policy and strategy Full transcript, apply for personalised coaching to work on AI strategy, see what questions are asked when, and read extra resources to learn more.

5 Juni 201755min

#0 – Introducing the 80,000 Hours Podcast

#0 – Introducing the 80,000 Hours Podcast

80,000 Hours is a non-profit that provides research and other support to help people switch into careers that effectively tackle the world's most pressing problems. This podcast is just one of many things we offer, the others of which you can find at 80000hours.org. Since 2017 this show has been putting out interviews about the world's most pressing problems and how to solve them — which some people enjoy because they love to learn about important things, and others are using to figure out what they want to do with their careers or with their charitable giving. If you haven't yet spent a lot of time with 80,000 Hours or our general style of thinking, called effective altruism, it's probably really helpful to first go through the episodes that set the scene, explain our overall perspective on things, and generally offer all the background information you need to get the most out of the episodes we're making now. That's why we've made a new feed with ten carefully selected episodes from the show's archives, called 'Effective Altruism: An Introduction'. You can find it by searching for 'Effective Altruism' in your podcasting app or at 80000hours.org/intro. Or, if you’d rather listen on this feed, here are the ten episodes we recommend you listen to first: • #21 – Holden Karnofsky on the world's most intellectual foundation and how philanthropy can have maximum impact by taking big risks • #6 – Toby Ord on why the long-term future of humanity matters more than anything else and what we should do about it • #17 – Will MacAskill on why our descendants might view us as moral monsters • #39 – Spencer Greenberg on the scientific approach to updating your beliefs when you get new evidence • #44 – Paul Christiano on developing real solutions to the 'AI alignment problem' • #60 – What Professor Tetlock learned from 40 years studying how to predict the future • #46 – Hilary Greaves on moral cluelessness, population ethics and tackling global issues in academia • #71 – Benjamin Todd on the key ideas of 80,000 Hours • #50 – Dave Denkenberger on how we might feed all 8 billion people through a nuclear winter • 80,000 Hours Team chat #3 – Koehler and Todd on the core idea of effective altruism and how to argue for it

1 Maj 20173min

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