189 - A German priest complains and a new emperor

189 - A German priest complains and a new emperor

Of course! Here's the revised version of the summary show notes with key words and phrases bolded for emphasis:


In this episode, we explore the turbulent political and religious landscape of Italy and Europe in the late 1510s—a pivotal prelude to the Protestant Reformation.

🔹 Power Shifts in Europe

  • 1516: Ferdinand of Aragon dies; Charles of Habsburg inherits Spain.
  • Peace between Charles and Francis I of France stabilizes Italy (Treaty of Noyon).
  • Venice regains its former territories after years of conflict but remains battered by war, fire, and the growing threat from the Turks.

🔹 Venetian & Papal Affairs

  • Venice establishes its first Jewish ghetto in 1516.
  • Pope Leo X (Medici) loses his brother Giuliano and elevates his nephew politically at great expense.
  • A conspiracy against Pope Leo is uncovered; Cardinal Alfonso Petrucci is executed, and Leo reshapes the College of Cardinals.

🔹 Money, Indulgences, and a Basilica

  • Facing financial strain from wars and plans to renovate St. Peter's Basilica, Pope Leo X turns to selling indulgences.
  • Indulgences were marketed as spiritual compensation through charitable donations—often misunderstood as a full forgiveness of sins.

🔹 Enter Martin Luther

  • Johann Tetzel promotes indulgences in German lands.
  • In response, Martin Luther writes the 95 Theses (1517), challenging the practice—marking the start of the Reformation.
  • Initially respectful of the pope, Luther’s criticism intensifies over time.
  • Protected by Frederick the Wise of Saxony, Luther avoids papal punishment.

🔹 Political Undercurrents

  • Pope Leo X hesitates to act against Luther due to the upcoming Holy Roman Emperor election.
  • 1519: Charles of Habsburg, already King of Spain, is elected Holy Roman Emperor, uniting a vast global empire.

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073 – Frederick II stupor mundi (and a bit naughty)

073 – Frederick II stupor mundi (and a bit naughty)

1231 - 1237 We take a moment to look more into the provate life of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II and see how his court, as well as seeing a little naughtiness going on, was a cradle of culture and science. We than deal with a rebellion by his first born son Henry before we see a rematch of Empire vs Lombard League.

7 Jan 202019min

072 – Frederick II takes the reigns and trouble starts

072 – Frederick II takes the reigns and trouble starts

1220 - 1231 After his coronation as Holy Roman Emperor in 1220, Frederick II has to first consolidate the south, facing the Muslim rebellion and then deal with the insistence of the popes for a new Crusade, an issue he will find a completely unprecedented solution for.

29 Dec 201922min

071 – Wonderboy rising: Freddie II

071 – Wonderboy rising: Freddie II

1197 - 2020 We see the early life of Frederick I of Sicily, son of Constance of Sicily and Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI up to the point when he becomes Emperor Frederick II himself with great regret from the popes who had hoped to keep the crown of the empire and that of the kingdom of Sicily separate. Are we in for another great class between Empire and Papacy?

23 Dec 201918min

070 – No more Normans and Horrid Henry

070 – No more Normans and Horrid Henry

1186 - 1197 We sadly saw goodbye to the Norman kings in Sicily and usher in a new era in which the Hohenstaufen, under emperor Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, extend their dominion from the north sea to the centre of the Meditteranean.

12 Dec 201922min

069 – Venice part 06

069 – Venice part 06

This is the last in our miniseries on Venice, taking us from the mid twelfth century back up to the notorious 4th Crusade, but not before we look at a 1997 attempt at Venetian independence using a WWII machine gun and a home-made tank called "Tanko"

4 Dec 201920min

068 – Venice part 05

068 – Venice part 05

This episode takes us through Venice in the 12th century, overcoming issues with Normans, Hungarians and seeing trouble starts with the Eastern Roman Empire as well as more interest towards the rest of Italy. Also there is a doge with an odd name and some confusion with the bodies of dead Saints.

28 Nov 201920min

067 – Venice part 04

067 – Venice part 04

After being guided into the new millenium by Domenico II Orsoleo, we follow the (all too high) rise and downfall of the family as Venice itself rises and falls along its way through the 11th century with its new Norman threat as the first crusade draws closer.

14 Nov 201921min

066 – Venice part 03

066 – Venice part 03

After addressing some listener questions on Venice, we first see Venice pass through a period of division and crisis before it finds a "saviour" in Pietro II Orsoleo who bring the city triumphantly into he new millenium.

7 Nov 201919min

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