Real Roman History20 Aug

Episode 79. Seneca: The Philosopher in the Palace

Works Cited Primary Sources

Acts of the Apostles, chapter 18. Preserves the encounter between Seneca's brother Gallio and Paul of Tarsus at Corinth.
Cassius Dio. Roman History, especially Books 61 and 62. Particularly hostile to Seneca, with detailed accusations of hypocrisy and political opportunism. Useful as the most developed form of the hostile reading.
Seneca's own writings. The Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium, in approximately one hundred and twenty-four surviving letters, are the principal source for his philosophical thought. The philosophical treatises—De Clementia, De Beneficiis, De Ira, the Consolations, the Naturales Quaestiones—preserve the development of his philosophical positions across the various phases of his career. The Apocolocyntosispreserves the satirical voice. The tragedies—Hercules Furens, Troades, Medea, Phaedra, Oedipus, Agamemnon, Thyestes, and the others—represent the dramatic-literary work.
Suetonius. Life of Nero. Preserves substantial material on the relationship between Seneca and his imperial patron.
Tacitus. Annals, especially Books 13, 14, and 15. The principal narrative source for Seneca's political career under Nero. The death scene is preserved at 15.62 through 15.64. The Suillius Rufus attack is preserved at 13.42. The matricide material involving Seneca is preserved at 14.7 and 14.11.

Secondary Sources

Griffin, Miriam T. Seneca: A Philosopher in Politics. Oxford University Press, 1976; reissued 1992. The major modern scholarly biography. The framework of this episode owes substantial debts to Griffin's analysis.
Long, A. A. From Epicurus to Epictetus: Studies in Hellenistic and Roman Philosophy. Oxford University Press, 2006. The standard scholarly treatment of Stoic philosophy and its Roman development.
Romm, James. Dying Every Day: Seneca at the Court of Nero. Knopf, 2014. Focused study of the relationship with Nero, particularly strong on the political dimensions of the philosophical compromise.
Wilson, Emily. The Greatest Empire: A Life of Seneca. Oxford University Press, 2014. More recent biography that incorporates substantial recent scholarship.

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