64.2 Russo-Turkish War 1788 and the Reforms of Joseph II

64.2 Russo-Turkish War 1788 and the Reforms of Joseph II

The Origins of the French Revolutionary Wars can be dated to 17th August 1787, when in Constantinople the Ottomans arrested the Russian ambassador Count Bulgakov in the Topkapi palace, and declared war on St Petersburg. Catherine the Great had deliberately provoked the Turks and now dragged in the reluctant Austrians into the war. The Austrian Emperor was Joseph II, the archetypal enlightened despot, who worked hard to reform his empire but from the top down. His reforms provoked the so-called Brabantine Revolution 1789-90 in the Netherlands which was similar in some ways to the contemporary French Revolution.


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Music from Joseph Haydn (Symphony 94, 'Surpise'), Christoph Gluck (the opera 'Iphigenie En Tauride') and Mozart (the Turkish March), courtesy of www.musopen.org


Picture - January Suchodolski - the Siege of Ochakov 1788

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42.3 Portuguese Conquests in India

42.3 Portuguese Conquests in India

The Portuguese begin to seize control of the spice trade of the Indian Ocean, by a mixture of diplomacy and brute force. For King Manuel of Portugal, his new maritime empire becomes not just an end in itself but a possible opportunity to weaken the Mamluk Sultanate, and perhaps even a means to recover the Holy Land for Christianity. Pictured: the Zamorin of Calicut.www.historyeurope.netwww.patreon.com/historyeurope Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

9 Feb 201819min

42.2 Portuguese Discovery of India

42.2 Portuguese Discovery of India

The epic voyage of Vasco Da Gama 1497-1499, who sailed from Portugal, around the southern tip of Africa, along the eastern coast of Africa and then onto India. The discovery of a sea route from Europe to India began the European age of exploration, with huge consequences for both Europe and the rest of the worldwww.historyeurope.netwww.patreon.com/historyeurope Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

2 Feb 201827min

42.1 Portuguese Voyages of Discovery

42.1 Portuguese Voyages of Discovery

Portugal, having established its position in Iberia, begins to make conquests in Morocco. At the same time the Portuguese prince Henry the Navigator (pictured) sponsors the beginning of a series of discoveries along the west coast of Africa. In 1487-88 Europeans, led by Bartolomeu Dias , circumnavigate the southern tip of Africa for the first time, and reach the Indian Ocean www.historyeurope.netwww.patreon.com/historyeurope Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

26 Jan 201826min

41.2 Russo-Lithuanian Wars 1500-1503

41.2 Russo-Lithuanian Wars 1500-1503

Russo-Lithuanian Wars 1500-1503. Ivan III the Great (pictured) continues the expansion of Muscovy by the capture of Lithuanian territories Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

29 Dec 201717min

41.1 Conquest of Novgorod by Ivan III of Moscow

41.1 Conquest of Novgorod by Ivan III of Moscow

Russia in the 1400's. The Conquest of Novgorod by Ivan III the Great, Grand Prince of Moscowwww.historyeurope.netwww.patreon.com/historyeurope Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

22 Dec 201724min

40.5 Battle of Fornovo 1495

40.5 Battle of Fornovo 1495

King Charles VIII of France, following his conquest of Naples, heads back through Italy to France but is attacked on his way back by a combined Venetian-Milanese army. The two sides meet near the village of Fornovo, near Parma. Although ultimately a failure, Charles' expeditions had major repercussions for it triggered the decades long Italian Wars, when the Italian peninsula became the battleground between foreign powers Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

24 Nov 201718min

40.4 Charles VIII of France Invades Naples

40.4 Charles VIII of France Invades Naples

Charles VII leads his army into Italy to invade the Kingdom of Naples. He is invited into the peninsula by Ludovico Il Moro of Milan, concerned about aggression from Naples. Ludovico had expected the French to to travel to Naples largely by sea, and with a smaller force, not the full deployment of the French crownwww.historyeurope.netwww.patreon.com/historyeurope Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

17 Nov 201725min

40.3 Lorenzo the Magnificent, Florence

40.3 Lorenzo the Magnificent, Florence

Lorenzo il Magnifico, ruler of Florence 1469-1492. In the so-called Pazzi Conspiracy Pope Sixtus IV organises an assassination attempt on Lorenzo and his brother Giuliano. Lorenzo survives and goes on to help negotiate a peace treaty between the five great powers of Italy. For his influence and diplomatic skills he becomes known as 'the needle of the Italian compass'. Lorenzo also sponsored great artists such as Botticelli and Michelangelo da Vinci. However, towards the end of his reign, the people of Florence grow increasingly resentful about economic disruptions and turn to the radical preacher Savonarola Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

10 Nov 201719min

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