189 - A German priest complains and a new emperor

189 - A German priest complains and a new emperor

Of course! Here's the revised version of the summary show notes with key words and phrases bolded for emphasis:


In this episode, we explore the turbulent political and religious landscape of Italy and Europe in the late 1510s—a pivotal prelude to the Protestant Reformation.

🔹 Power Shifts in Europe

  • 1516: Ferdinand of Aragon dies; Charles of Habsburg inherits Spain.
  • Peace between Charles and Francis I of France stabilizes Italy (Treaty of Noyon).
  • Venice regains its former territories after years of conflict but remains battered by war, fire, and the growing threat from the Turks.

🔹 Venetian & Papal Affairs

  • Venice establishes its first Jewish ghetto in 1516.
  • Pope Leo X (Medici) loses his brother Giuliano and elevates his nephew politically at great expense.
  • A conspiracy against Pope Leo is uncovered; Cardinal Alfonso Petrucci is executed, and Leo reshapes the College of Cardinals.

🔹 Money, Indulgences, and a Basilica

  • Facing financial strain from wars and plans to renovate St. Peter's Basilica, Pope Leo X turns to selling indulgences.
  • Indulgences were marketed as spiritual compensation through charitable donations—often misunderstood as a full forgiveness of sins.

🔹 Enter Martin Luther

  • Johann Tetzel promotes indulgences in German lands.
  • In response, Martin Luther writes the 95 Theses (1517), challenging the practice—marking the start of the Reformation.
  • Initially respectful of the pope, Luther’s criticism intensifies over time.
  • Protected by Frederick the Wise of Saxony, Luther avoids papal punishment.

🔹 Political Undercurrents

  • Pope Leo X hesitates to act against Luther due to the upcoming Holy Roman Emperor election.
  • 1519: Charles of Habsburg, already King of Spain, is elected Holy Roman Emperor, uniting a vast global empire.

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024 – Outstanding Otto and more mess from a porn pope

024 – Outstanding Otto and more mess from a porn pope

951 - 066 We take a look at the reign of the teenage oboe John XII and the start of the struggle between the papacy and the Holy Roman Empire

21 Juli 201819min

023 – Here come the Ottonians

023 – Here come the Ottonians

932 - 955 We look at how Alberic II did after taking control of Rome from his mother Marozia and his stepfather Guido of Provence. Then we jave a look at the usual confusion in northern Italy before the descent of the Saxon king Otto I, while we wait for the unforgettable pope John Xii to come on the scene.

14 Juli 201821min

022 – More mischief from Marozia

022 – More mischief from Marozia

910 - 932 We look at the second part of the incredible story of Marozia, as we use her family as an example of the chaos that was early tenth century Italy.

30 Juni 201822min

021 – Rowdy Roman Revelry: Marozia's pornocracy

021 – Rowdy Roman Revelry: Marozia's pornocracy

897 - 910 We take a look at the situation of debauchery and corruption that Italy, and more specifically Rome, fell into during the ninth and tenth centuries, with a particular focus on the Tuscolo family and perhaps its most famous member, Marozia.

21 Juni 201817min

020 – Annoying anarchy

020 – Annoying anarchy

888- 926 We look at the anarchy Italy fell into after the end of the Carolingians with the dealings of such men as Berengarius of Friuli and Guy of Spoleto, intersperse with some more foreign kings and emperors.

13 Juni 201822min

019 – Feudal fun with the Franks

019 – Feudal fun with the Franks

843- 887 We finish off the last of th Carolingians in Italy and take a look at the feudal system they brought with them into the county.

8 Juni 201822min

Special: Republic Day and an unprecedented institutional crisis

Special: Republic Day and an unprecedented institutional crisis

We look back over the history of the upcoming cementation of Republic Day, 2nd June and look at the current political situation in the light of the constitution that cam out of that historical moment.

30 Maj 201820min

018 – A clear-up on kingdoms and back up the boot in the ninth century

018 – A clear-up on kingdoms and back up the boot in the ninth century

We first cleat up the concept of the "Kingdom of Italy" and then make our way back up from the Arab Emirate of Sicily to look at the Principality of Benevento, the Duchy of Naples and the Duchy of Spoleto in the ninth century as the Carolingians do their thing up north.

24 Maj 201820min

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